Diabetes Mellitus Is Not A Single Disease - 1047 Words

â€Å"Alright Mr. Smith, I hate to inform you, but yes, you do have Diabetes Type 2.† In 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes. Of the 29.1 million, 21.0 million were diagnosed, and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths(Lewis 1367). According to, well known, diabetes researcher McCance Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common (674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production, secretion, and utilization. How can us Americans reduce the wide spread of this disease? The first step is to be informed on its complications, and signs so you can avoid accidentally bringing it upon yourself. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2 Diabetes is caused by a defect in insulin manufacture and release from the beta cell or insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues. Approximately ninety percent of diabetic patients have NIDDM. Genetics play a big role in the etiology of NIDDM and is often associated with obesity. Usually presentation is slow and often insidious with symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, poor wound healing, and recurrent infection. Primarily occurs in adults over thirty. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance, which occurs during pregnancy. Occurs in approximately three percent ofShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus : A Disease Affecting Multi Organ System1190 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes mellitus or DM is a disease affecting multi-organ systems due to the abnormal insulin production, improper insulin usage or even both. It is a very serious health problem throughout the world effecting thousands of people.A survey conducted in United States showed that almost 6.2% of the population suffers from this disease. It is a matter of great issue that almost one -third of the population is unaware of the disease. Incidence Diabetes is actually the fifth leading cause of deathsRead MoreEssay on Diabetes898 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the bodys energy (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is locatedRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And Type 2 Diabetes Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes mellitus, known as â€Å"diabetes† is a grouping of metabolic diseases that present, over a long period of time, levels of high blood sugar. There are two main forms of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In addition to these two, there is also what is called Gestational Diabetes. In all cases, insulin is somehow not doing its job: Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is needed to allow glucose to enter the cells and produce energy. IfRead MoreDevelopment Of Culture Centered Educational Program For Nigerian Immigrants Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesKnowledge and Attitudes Surrounding Diabetes Mellitus Name Affiliation Development of Culture-Centered Educational Program for Nigerian Immigrants to Assess Knowledge and Attitudes Surrounding Diabetes Mellitus Introduction Diabetes Mellitus affects 29.1 million people in the United States of America. According to the center for disease control and prevention (2014), minorities have higher rates of disability and death due to diabetes mellitus. Traditional diabetes educational programs have not provenRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 In Children INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is not a single disease it is a multifactorial group of syndromes all characterized by an increase in the level of blood glucose that occurs due to lack of presence of insulin. Mainly, the less release of insulin leads to excess deposition of glycogen which is a peptide hormone synthesized by the pancreas and plays a role in raising the level of glucose in blood. (Mycek, 2007). Diabetes is usually divided into two types, insulin dependentRead MoreEar Infection: Overview of Otitis Externa1152 Words   |  5 Pagesdeformity and great pain. It is believed that the disease is triggered by an infection in people with an inherited susceptibility to the disease† (Kinn’s). The Orthopedic body system is affected. â€Å"Diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the early stages can be difficult. There is no single test that can clearly identify rheumatoid arthritis. Instead, doctors diagnose rheumatoid arthritis based on factors that are strongly associated with the disease. The American College of Rheumatology uses thisRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : Type 1 Diabetes1017 Words   |  5 PagesBushaw Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 Diabetes Research Paper 11/16/2014 Diabetes Mellitus also known as—Juvenile Onset Diabetes, Type 1 Diabetes, and Insulin Dependent Diabetes. It is a chronic autoimmune disease described by high blood glucose levels due to insulin levels being inadequate to maintain normal glucose levels. This research paper will discuss the symptoms and signs, etiology, who it triggers, how it happen, and treatment for Type 1 Diabetes. Symptoms and signs of Type 1 Diabetes are hyperglycemiaRead MoreThe Disease Known as Diabetes1089 Words   |  4 Pages 8.3 percent of Americans have a disease called diabetes mellitus, also known as diabetes. It is characterized by high blood sugar, brought on either because the pancreas is not producing enough of a hormone called insulin, which helps remove glucose from the blood, or because the cells are unresponsive to the insulin that is being produced. Three symptoms that result from this high blood sugar are polyuria, or frequent urination, polydipsia, or increased thirst, and polyphagia, or increased appetiteRead MoreAssessment Of Acute Phase Protein1216 Words   |  5 PagesSupervisor Dr. Khalid Hussein Introduction and literature review: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia together with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects of insulin secretion, insulin action or both.(1) Type 2 diabetes (formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult onset diabetes) is caused by the body’s ineffective use of insulin. It often results from excessRead MoreInformative Essay on Diabetes1506 Words   |  7 PagesAn Informative Essay On Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths(Lewis 1367). Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production

A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner - 712 Words

Symbolism can be something that represents another thing for example the bald eagle of the United States of America represents freedom. Some symbols or objects are trifles things that don’t have any value but some people they think that they have value. There’s a manifold of symbols that represents a lot of things, another example is the Texas flag, the Texas flag has three colors an each one has a meaning the color blue represents loyalty, the color red represents bravery, the color white represents purity, and the big star represents The Lone Star which is a symbol of unity. Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is use in a variety of ways for example Miss Emily she represent the monument and mental illness, mental illness because she killed her own husband.Another character that had symbolism is Homer Barron he represents more than just a simple character, he represents insensitivity because he dint care about another people. An explanation of characters and o bjects that we have seen in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† The character Emily herself is a symbol of monument. The townspeople see the house really pretty, in the inside it’s really like entering to hell. In the article symbols in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the author tells us â€Å"the house used to be the nicest houses on the street. Later during the story takes place the house is old and worn in.† Emily also symbolizes mental illness â€Å"she has been lying down on the bed, beside the corpse of her dead former fiancà ©.† SheShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner923 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily; A Tale of The Old South William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 but lived most of his life in Oxford, a small town nearby. After dropping out of high school then briefly joining the Canadian Air Force, he returned home and completed three terms at the University of Mississippi (Fulton 27). During his early twenties Faulkner spent time in New Orleans and Europe before returning to Oxford and publishing his first book of poems. In 1929 he married Estelle FranklinRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1729 Words   |  7 PagesJune 24, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In every neighborhood there is always that one house that is a mystery to everyone. A house that everyone wants to know about, but nobody can seem to be able to dig up any answers. It’s the type of place that you would take any opportunity or excuse to get to explore. The littler that is known, the more the curiosity increases about this mysterious place or person. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, this mysterious person is Emily Grierson, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1552 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Dunn Mrs. Williams English 11 March 11, 2016 In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the reader is given a glimpse of the internal conflict of the main character, living in the past, and the involvement of an over involved society causing the reader to look into the consciousness of an individual haunted by a past and lack of a future. The story is set in a post-Civil War town in the South. He is able to give the reader a glimpse of the practices and attitudes that had unitedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Sarah Markins Dr. Bibby ENG 107 February 11, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner in 1931, follows a series of peculiar events in Miss Emily Griersons life. Written in third person limited, Faulkner utilizes flashbacks to tell of the period between the death of Emily’s father and her own passing. Split into five short sections, the story starts out with the townspeople of Jefferson remembering Emily’s legacy and how each new generation ofRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national magazine. The story involved an ol d woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words   |  4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily† by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time† and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one who denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeableRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† thoroughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1780 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1930, William Faulkner wrote a five-part story entitled â€Å"A Rose for Emily† that follows the life of a young woman named Miss Emily Grierson. Faulkner sets his story in the Old South, soon after the ending of America’s Civil War, and represents the decaying values of the Confederacy (Kirszner Mandell, 2013a, p. 244). One of these values which the text portrays quite often in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is the patriarchal custom of society viewing men as having more importance than their female counterpartsRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1277 Words   |  6 PagesMiss Emily Grierson, the main character in the strange short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. It would be best to examine her in a mental capacity as well as the circumstances that may affect her. Throughout the story, Miss Emily’s unpredictable and eccentric behavior becomes unusual, and the reader, like the townspeople in the story, is left to speculate how Miss Emily has spent years living and sleeping with the body of Homer Barron. An important quote from the story was that

Multiculturalism the problem today Free Essays

In turn toing the essay inquiry Is Multiculturalism the job now ; I will be reasoning that it is a job now by giving sensible and valid justifications. I will be besides examine the single constructs and definitions of multiculturalism every bit good as touching somewhat on urban civilization, and show how these constructs are represented in today ‘s society with negatively. Harmonizing to Giddens ( 2001 ) civilization is defined as â€Å"the values, ceremonials and ways of life feature of a given group† . We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism the problem today or any similar topic only for you Order Now These values and norms can change and are slightly dependent on societal and cultural influences experienced by a peculiar group. One such peculiar group or civilization I will be looking at are Muslims and the decisions that Tariq Modood drew when measuring the after mat of the bombardments of 7/7. Other such groups or influences can in bend create the outgrowth of farther subcultures within mainstream civilization that can be identified and segmented by elements such as ethnicity, gender and faith, and in bend become subcultures which is defined as â€Å"meaning systems, manners of look or life styles developed by groups in low-level structural places in response to dominant significance systems, and which reflect their effort to work out structural contradictions originating from the wider social context† ( Brake: 1985: p8 ) . Subcultures harmonizing to Blake ( 1985 ) are different from one another because they each consist of three typical basicss they are â€Å"Image – visual aspect composed of costume, accoutrements such as hair – manner, jewelry and artifacts. Demeanour – made up of look, pace and position, for illustration what they were and how they wear it. Argot – a particular vocabulary and how it is delivered to work out structural contradictions originating from the wider social context† . ( Brake: 1985: p8 ) . Most theorist including Thornton ( 1995 ) have the same decision when specifying subcultures ; â€Å"Subcultural political orientations are a agencies by which youth imagine their ain and other societal groups assert their typical character and affirm that they are non anon. members of an uniform mass† . ( Thornton: 1995: p185 ) . When looking at subculture, Hebdige ( 1979 ) acknowledge â€Å"That familiar objects warrant analysis as marks and depositories of organized significances, as much linguistic or ‘pure ‘ ocular signal. Under the conceptual umbrella of subculture, he brings together art, literature, music, manner, and even attitude, and places these on the same analytical plane. ( McRobbie: 1994: p14-15 ) . Multiculturalism is normally defined as the acknowledgment of diverse cultural brotherhoods that applies to the demographic make-up of different topographic points or intuitions. The thoughts of multiculturalism are the interaction of diverse cultural civilizations that need to be respected and valued in mundane life. Pakulsk ( 1997 ) believes that multiculturalism can besides be translated as cultural citizenship, which is a combination of civil, political and societal rights. Cultural citizenship involves others admiting and accepting the demands and differences when set uping equal rights to suit these differences. ( Fulcher A ; Scott: 2007 ) , which besides includes an person to show one ‘s ain individuality, instead than an individuality be forced onto them as society deem tantrum. Harmonizing to the Parekh study ( 2000 ) multiculturalism covers five single facets, which as follow: All persons have the right to be treated every bit, irrespective of gender, coloring material, ethnicity, faith and age. As Britain is a broad and multicultural society it needs to take into history the demands of other spiritual and cultural communities. Persons all have different demands which can non be ignored a unvarying signifier of intervention can non be applied has this will take to favoritism and equality. Each society needs to consistent and respectful of diverseness and alteration. That equal chances and self – development should be for all. The Parekh study ( 2000 ) besides goes on to province that adjust to coherence, equality and diverseness by using three different theoretical accounts the first being the Nationalist theoretical account which is when the province promotes a â€Å"single national culture† ( The Parekh Report: 2000 ) .Whereas the existent theoretical account is based on the fact that Britain is a homogenous society, which it is non because of its many at odds traditions. The 2nd theoretical account is that of the Liberal theoretical account which requires a â€Å"common political culture† ( The Parekh Report: 2000 ) . A difference of both the populace and private domains needs to be acknowledged within different communities, and non merely for the dominant civilization. Where as the dominant civilization is shown through linguistic communication, faith, values and ethical motives, which minorities do non experience that they can take part in as they are made to experience inferior. The la st theoretical account is that of the pluralist theoretical account which focuses on â€Å"cultural diverseness is accommodated in the public realm† ( The Parekh Report: 2000 ) . In the theoretical account alteration and integrating is recognized and non merely tolerated. When specifying urban civilizations we are uniting a mixture of different metropoliss all over the Earth, that have certain behaviors and cultural basicss that are different from persons populating in rural countries. Urban civilization is â€Å"The metaphor for corporate life and the new infinite for researching both individuality and difference ( Jenks: 1993: p189 ) . The word urban is used in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada to exemplify hip hop civilization or a sub vision of black civilization. Caribbean civilization has â€Å"A distant societal and geographical footing and is the merchandise of a alone historical experience ( The Parekh Report: 2000: p29 ) . But Caribbean civilization has besides been diluted by other cultural influences such as â€Å"East Indian, British, Spanish, Gallic, Dutch, Portuguese and Chinese. It can non be traced back to one set of roots† ( The Parekh Report: 2000: p29 ) . In decision, modern-day Youth civilization chiefly relies on selling and consumerism, without assorted media formats i.e. the cyberspace, magazines, and record labels, wireless Stationss and music telecastings young persons would happen it difficult to emulate persons or follow manner tendencies and remain abreast with the latest technological promotion such as the development of societal networking sites viz. Facebook and Twitter. When the mainstream media is picturing youth civilization, multiculturalism and urban civilization, more frequently than non they are negatively reproduced or sensationalised to derive maximal impact in order to derive readers attending, therefore the positive facets of youth civilization is frequently ignored in favour sensationalisation. One such media mercantile establishment which is rather expert at this negative reproduction is the South London Press which preponderantly highlights violent offenses ( allegedly ) committed by black urban young persons in the South London locality. Then there is the Eastern Eye which is a publication that is circulated in the Asiatic communities of Hounslow and Southall in West London that focuses on ( allegedly ) offense that is committed by urban Asians young persons. This phenomenon could be attributed to market cleavage as publishing houses attempt to aim a specific section of a crowded market place with dwindling readership Numberss in order to derive limited market portion, in my position this effort by print media to derive market portion and increase circulation have resulted in them concentrating chiefly on negative sensationalised headlines and either intentionally or negligently take to disregard positive facets of youth civilization and in peculiar urban civilization. Bibliography Blake, M ( 1985 ) Comparative young person civilizations – The sociology of young person civilizations and young person subcultures in America, Britain and Canada, USA, Routledge and Kegan Paul Inc Fulcher, J A ; Scott, J ( 2007 ) Sociology, Oxford University Press Giddens, A ( 2001 ) Sociology Fourth edition, Cambridge, Polity Press Haralambos, A ( 1983 ) Sociology a new attack, Polity Press Jenks, C ( 1993 ) Culture – Second Edition, Routledge Kidd, W, Kirby, M, Koubel, F, Barter, J Hope, T Kirton, A, Madry, N, Manning, P, and Triggs, K ( 1998 ) Reading sociology, Oxford, Heinemann educational publishing houses Longhurst, B ( 1995 ) Popular music and society, Cambridge, Polity imperativeness McRobbie, A ( 1994 ) Postmodernism and popular civilization, London, Routledge O ‘ Donnell, G ( 1993 ) Sociology today, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Representations and Youth, available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mediaed.org.uk/posted_documents/repsyouth.html The Parekh Report ( 2000 ) The Future of Multi- Ethnic Britain, Profile books Thornton, S ( 1997 ) The societal logic of subcultural capital { 1995 } .In K.Gelder and S Thornton Eds. , The subcultural reader. London, Routledge How to cite Multiculturalism the problem today, Essay examples

Digital Marketing Strategy of Target-Free-Samples Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Digital Marketing Strategy of Target. Answer: Introduction As per the study conducted by IBM, Australian business leaders are not as influenced by consumers as other countries. The study reflects that less than 50 percent of customers are been strongly influenced by the digital marketing (Australian Consumers Lack Influence, 2014). A digital strategy is a form of strategic management tool used by the business to address important business issues. A digital strategy is frequently characterized by the relevance of new technologies to accessible business action (Tiago and Verssimo, 2014). This enables effective focus on the growing capabilities to their business. As per the study conducted on the Australian business leaders, Two-third feels that the businesses are getting affected by the weak digital strategy (Chaffey, Smith and Smith, 2013). Target Target is Australias mid-price department store chain with a wide-ranging retail interest across Australia and New Zealand. Target is a subsidiary of famous conglomerate Wesfarmers. The organization is known for its wide ranging retail services which includes food, clothing home ware and digital goods. The brand is known for meeting daily requirements of the local people through a wide range of products. The brand enjoys an effective market place by focusing on audience from different background. Digital marketing strategy Its now a well established fact that the wave of digital commotion will result in the loss of customers, and eventually effect in business failure. Target, Australia is a large and complex organisation. The customers rely on high-quality products provided by them (Ryan, 2016). Target has large business process that involves delivering high quality service and products to customers Australia-wide. The organization has limitations in term of processes. Target Digital strategy is to become a customer centric brand. The super market giant is maintaining huge data, product innovation, better client service and significant promotion. The business organization focus on discovering opportunities and risks that digital can create. For the purpose the company has a well established customer-focused websites, mobile app, ecommerce, social media reach, and advertising. Target is using the social media tools like Facebook to enhance its marketing strategy. Their online website states the organizational objective and focus on stating the mission and vision. Their digital website provides an enthralling experience to the customer. While comparing it to the competitor the brand positioning on the social networking is poor. Woolworths has a better social media presence. They have a coherent digital marketing strategy that are enabling in gaining sustainable goal. (Source: Target Australia, 2017) (Target Australia, 2017) Reasons for failure Target has admitted the fact that their digital strategy is poor to Woolworths. The latter brand understands the need for creating uniqueness in terms of market positioning. When compared to their competitor, Still Target in Australia is not using its digital strategies in a significant way. They have restricted their outreach in terms of social media presence. On the other hand Woolworths has managed to focus on the digital strategies developing an effective plan and procedure. Their digital marketing department is all focused to meet the primary needs growing in todays changing business scenario. The overall purpose is to highlight the functions and capabilities of the organization by bringing forward all the achievements. Digital media is a new age tool that holds a vital place in growth of the business. In order to create a concrete difference it is important to focus on developing stringent digital marketing strategies. This will allow the business in matching up with their comp etition. Digital marketing has a wide reach than the other traditional marketing tools. Although Woolworths is using a digital marketing strategy to allure customers across Australia, but its competitor has a much broader strategies. The failure was due to restricted opportunities explored by the brand. Their brand reach is limited on the digital network (Rajeck, 2015). Competitor brand Strategy Woolworths has an effective with brand strategy. The brand has focused on the digital strategies developing an effective plan and procedure. In order to be competitive brand has a strong social media presence. Woolworths updates the page on the daily basis and posts up food pictures, special offers, and information concerning the brand whereas Target is not so active on Social media. This has accompanied in creating worldwide brand recognition. (Source: Woolworths, 2017) They have a coherent digital marketing strategy that are enabling in gaining sustainable goal. Woolworths has effective market reach through digital strategies. In this way they are efficiently meeting with stakeholders expectations. Woolworths is evidently reinvesting profits in digital. The new online store with big photo buttons, evidently planned for mobile is giving users an amicable surfing experience. (Source: Rajeck, 2015) Recommendations Conclusion To conclude, the report furnishes the need for an effective digital marketing strategy. A digital strategy is frequently characterized by the relevance of new technologies to accessible business action. Target has a wide presence in Australia but it has ineffective digital strategy. Although the brand is trying to become a concrete market leader but it is necessary to initiate an effective digital strategies in order to compete against Wesfarmers. There is a high need to create a strong market position through digital tools by product/market exploration, sales and service etc References Australian Consumers Lack Influence, .2014. Online. Available at: https://www.brandme.com.au/blog/2014/03/australian-consumers-lack-influence/ Accessed on: 12 August 2017 Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2013. eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge Rajeck, J.2015. How Australia's Woolworths delivers the goods on social. Online. Available at: https://econsultancy.com/blog/66990-how-australia-s-woolworths-delivers-the-goods-on-social/ Accessed on: 12 August 2017 Ryan, D., 2016. Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Target Australia, 2017. Image. Available at: https://www.target.com.au/ Accessed on: 12 August 2017 Target Australia, 2017.Image. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/targetaus/ Accessed on: 12 August 2017 Tiago, M.T.P.M.B. and Verssimo, J.M.C., 2014. Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?. Business Horizons, 57(6), pp.703-708. Woolworths, 2017.Image. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/woolworths/ Accessed on: 12 August 2017

Russian History Essays - Russian Nationalism,

Russian History Russian History Russia has always played a major roll in global politics, economics and thought. However, in the past two centuries, Russia has had probably the greatest influence on the international world in modern times, surpassed only by the United States. The Russia that we've known this century though, has its roots in last centuries Russian. At the end of the nineteenth century, Russia experienced great changes internally, politically, socially and spiritually. The half century leading up to the Communist revolution in 1917 was a time filled with sweeping changes, literary triumphs and military defeat. All of these factors played in the eventual revolution and not only affected politics and thought in Russia, but in every nation on earth. After the defeat of the Russian army in the Crimean War, Russian realized that it needed to modernize its country, socially and militarily. Alexander II realized that to modernize mean that Russia needed to westernize. So in 1861 he emancipated the serfs from bondage. The emancipation was mean to bridge the gap between the elite and the general population, but was not the first of such liberal western type reforms. Catherine and Peter the Great had also made western type reforms during their respective reigns. All of their reforms, and especially Alexander's, were influenced by western thought. These thought were introduced into Russia by its Western European educated ruling class. Under Alexander II, the ruling class began to see serfdom as an immoral part of society. This moral problem was accompanied by the economics of the day, and the ethical conclusion was that serfdom must be dismantled. The abolition of serfdom was Alexander II greatest contribution to history. However, the 'Liberating Czar' enacted a whole series of fundamental changes including; comprehensive reform of the judicial system that finally introduced the unheard of idea of equality, trial by jury, public proceedings in legal matters and the impartiality of the courts. In the end though, none of these reforms really solved any of Russia's social or economic problems, eventually called the 'accursed questions'. These were taken up by the various political groups and writers of the time. The writers however were the most important. To Russians, the writer is not only looked upon as an artist of the word, but also as a guide and teacher in a deeper sense. The writer is supposed to understand life better than ordinary mortals, so it's his duty to impart this knowledge to others in appropriate shape and form. The reign of Alexander II was an age of great literary achievement, the 'Golden Age' of the Russian novel. Almost all of the great works of Russian fiction were produced during this time. The best minds were attracted to the novel, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Asakov all produced some of the greatest literary works of all time during this period. All of the writers during this time belonged to a political school of thought, and while some of the schools worked for similar aims, they were all different and each one possessed its own unique ideals. The Slavophiles were probably the oldest of the political schools at the time. The Slavophiles during the reign of Alexander II were of the second generation, and they were the ones to turn the Slavophile myth of old into a real modern political program. This program included the endorsement of the Orthodox religion and a patrimonial monarchy. The Slavophiles believed in the inherent virtue and goodness of the Russian people and culture. A main part of this culture was the ideal of 'sobornost', that is, the communal spirit. The Slavophiles saw this in action in the peasant communes, and believed that communalism in conjunction with Christian communal worship would become the source of Russia's sorely needed moral and cultural regeneration. In accordance with Russia's regeneration, Slavophiles saw the west as corrupt and immoral. They saw Russia's destiny as one in which it would save the west from spiritual decay. Fyodor Dostoevsky was Slavophilisms more down-to-earth and democratic member. He was also the movements' most effective proponent. In his book "Discourse on Pushkin", Dostoevsky describes the Slavophile position. The major opponents of the Slavophile position were the western influenced Nihilists. These leftist radicals rejected religion, the authority of the state, the family, social conventions and aesthetic values as irrelevant. They were highly influenced by Western Europe in their atheism and material positivism. They flaunted the social rules and conventions of the day, they wore dark sunglasses, men wore their hair long and the women short. They were also socialists, but unlike their Slavophile counterparts, they did not believe in a utopia. The nihilists had many sympathizers in

What to Do If You Miss Class in College

What to Do If You Miss Class in College In contrast to high school, missing a class in college can often feel like no big deal. Its rare for college professors to take attendance, and if youre only one student out of hundreds in a large lecture hall, you might feel like no one noticed your absence. So what if anything do you need to do if you miss class in college? Contact Your Professor Consider emailing or calling the professor.  You dont always have to let your professor know if you missed class, but you should at least think carefully about whether or not you need to say something. If you missed one relatively uneventful lecture in a class with hundreds of people, you might not need to say something. But if you missed a small seminar class, definitely touch base with your professor. A quick message apologizing for missing class because you had the flu, for instance, should work. Similarly, if you missed a major exam or a deadline for turning in an assignment, youll need to touch base with your professor as soon as possible. Note: If you do miss class, dont mention why if your reason was ridiculous (I was still recovering from my fraternity party this weekend!) and dont ask if you missed anything important. Of course,  you missed important things, and implying otherwise will just insult your professor. Talk to Classmates Check in with your classmates about what material you missed.  Dont assume you know what happened in class, regardless of how previous class sessions have gone. For all you know, your professor mentioned that the midterm has been moved up by a week, and your friends wont remember to tell you this key detail until (and unless) you ask. Perhaps people were assigned small study groups and you need to know which one you now belong to. Perhaps a comment was made about some material that will be covered on an upcoming exam. Perhaps the professor announced a change in office hours or when the final exam will take place. Knowing what content was scheduled to be covered in class is not the same as knowing what actually happened. Keep Your Professor in the Loop Let your professor know if you expect to miss class again sometime soon.  If, for example, you have a family emergency to deal with, let your professor know whats going on. You dont need to go into too much detail, but you can (and should) mention the reason for your absence. Letting your professor know that a family member passed away and that youll be gone the rest of the week to travel home for the funeral is a smart and respectful message to send along. If youre in a small class or lecture, your professor might plan their class activities differently knowing that one (or more) students will be absent on a certain day. Additionally, if you have something going on that requires more than an absence or two, youll want to let your professor (and dean of students) know in case you start to fall behind on your coursework. Letting your professor know why youre missing class so much can help you work together to find a solution; leaving a professor out of the loop about your class abse nces will only further complicate your situation. If you do miss class, just be smart about communicating when necessary and setting yourself up for a successful rest of the semester as much as possible.

Significant detail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Significant detail - Essay Example The narrator describes her routine with Jorg, how he would order them food and watch television with her, and then â€Å"leave the house again,† and how she would be in bed by the time he gets back (page 22). From this we get the sense that the narrator has fallen into her familiar pattern of pretending nothing that happens is actually happening to her. She describes her life from a distance, as if she is a character in a movie. However, one day while doing this she sees some scissors on a desk and decides to act. The scissors are described in great detail, and in a very strange manner as well. Not only are they â€Å"long† and â€Å"narrow†, but there are â€Å"two angular little men† standing atop the blades (page 22). The narrator then becomes suddenly unsure of who she is sleeping with, describing him not as Jorg but as â€Å"a man whose name was probably Jorg† (page 22). She is starting to lose track of reality, and cannot be certain of anything any more. But this scene gets even stranger, as the narrator decides to kill Jorg. She holds the scissors on top of her â€Å"in the dark† so he cant see them, and he â€Å"flung himself on top of me and the scissors pierced his flesh† (page 23). The matter of fact way the mans death is described is very disturbing. And the details are quite graphic, as she describes feeling the scissors pop through his spine and out of the flesh on his back, and how â€Å"his eyes swelled and popped† (page 23). But probably the strongest part of this episode, and the thing which makes it so important in understanding the narrator and how she relates to the world around her, is how she describes her feelings after what is essentially a murder, even if it is an understandable murder because of how Jorg kidnapped her. As the mans corpse falls next to her in the bed, she felt â€Å"as if there might be peace in the room for a while† (page 23). While peace is a good thing, the narrator feels like the only way she can get

TCP - People Resourcing and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

TCP - People Resourcing and Development - Essay Example HRM of public sector may be out of control of the costs spent on this and can offer only those rewards that are alternative to the commercial ones. Overell (2003) observes that in such fields as health and education, both push and pull factors are significant, while in governance, extensive use of the agency workforce is mainly caused by internal functional mismanagement, or â€Å"functional turnover† (Torrington et.al. 2008, p. 197). One more factor is merely mentioned with only superficial description: it is systematic change that could have balancing impact on public health sector (Overell 2003). In fact this means that an entire culture of service should be changed. Redman and Wilkinson (2009) are more specific about this situation in public sector (which may also apply to education): â€Å"a healthcare provision has changed from being a citizen’s right to a customer service †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.5). Accordingly, health care specialists show less orientation toward work ethics and more self-evaluation in terms of market than they did before. This tendency may be the main factor that forced the authors of the article to unite so different public sector careers as health care and governance in one â€Å"problem†. A 2008 review of the agency working in the UK by EMAR (Employment Market Analysis and Research) reveals that the wages of agency workers tend to be the same or lower than those of full time employees (p.7); that, furthermore, 63% of all agency workers chose this type of occupation because there were no other employment opportunities, and it was only below a third of them that actually did not want a permanent job (p. 13); and that 50% of agency workers â€Å"would accept their temporary job on a permanent basis† (p. 16). This means that working for agencies is actually not a privilege, as suggested by the article, but rather a necessity for good many workers. At the same time, according to the EMAR report,

Social and Economic Concerns in Public Health Essay

Social and Economic Concerns in Public Health - Essay Example Presently, the analysis of public health brings into play social and economic concerns, which were previously overlooked. Despite the expanded focus of this discipline, it has however not shifted its focus, which is the well-being of the community. Public health integrates science and art to establish methodical ways of ensuring the populations is healthy. The systematic ways may be reactive or proactive depending on the health risk or predicament that is being addressed. Modern public health undertakings entail education, which provides a platform upon which the masses and respective communities may be enlightened on how to live in a healthy way. Over the last century, public health has evolved and developed massively. One of the key milestones achieved is the increase in life expectancy. The increase in life expectancy is an indication of the improvement in the public health’s ability to address ailments, which often causes death. Some the key statistics that reflect the pro gressed realized include infant mortality, which denotes the death of children at birth or in their early years (Pfizer Global Pharmaceuticals 5). Over the last one hundred years, public health has also dealt blows to cancerous ailments such as lung cancer, which caused numerous deaths in the 1960s and 1970s. However, when delving into the milestone achieved, it is vital to look at food safety and vaccination, which are proactive ways of enhancing health in communities. Vaccination has helped deal with ailments such as polio on a global scale. Enhanced food safety has also resulted in reduced cases of ailments such as food poisoning, typhoid, and the spread of harmful pathogens that may trigger other ailments. The emergent of a global aspect in public health has necessitated opening up paradigms through which scholars study public health.  

Creating Marketing Value for Games

Creating Marketing Value for Games Products face a lot of challenges to succeed and keep its marketing value especially with the fast development and the huge types of products. According to Ulrich Eppinger (2008), to evaluate the performance of successful product development needs to follow the five dimensions, which are product quality, product cost, development time, development cost and development capability (p.2). Games are similar to any other product need to be successful and have a long life to compete with many other kinds. Games can be classified into genres such as toys, card games, multi-person games, electronic / video games and apps games. Every game of these genres follows the different strategy of development and has some features, which make it communal. To know the secret of success and longevity for each game we should study them with more details. Toys are most popular games and can be divided into many types. LEGOS are one of the most common toys, which have many geometrical shapes and colors. Several features make these toys are successful and have high demand by costumers. First, they are made of robust plastic material. This type of material is designed in many forms and colors, which gives the specialists high tolerance to develop this game by adding numbers, letters and figures such as cars, trains, and animals. Second, the low price cost is one of the important features, which make these toys are affordable for each consumer. According to the size, material, and the shape of sets, the LEGO has a different price. Third, these types of games are fit for male, female and for different ages. Usually, when parents buy toys from supermarket, they should check the age and gender, but LEGO is suitable for all. Fourth, they are safe even for small kids. Big pieces can be used safely because the kids cannot swallow them. Finally, LEGO group has development capability for the future to change the plastic material to be friendlier to the environment. According to Roar (2015), Today, the LEGO Group announces a significant investment of DKK 1 billion dedicated to research, development, and implementation of new, sustainable, raw materials to manufacture LEGOÂÂ ® elements as well as packaging materials. Generally, the robust material, the low price, the gender, the safety usage and the future vision of development are the most important features, which have made LEGOS popular. Card games are one of the popular game all over the world.Poker and cards are common types of card games. There are several features, which make these games popular. First, they have many ways to play and every way has specific rules. For instance, in Iraq cards can be played by two or four players, each player plays with fourteen cards and must collect at least two pairs with three cards and the total number should be fifty- one. Also, in America, this game can be played in different ways such as gin rummy, blackjack, and bridge. Second, this game is considered as a commercial game. Many players get much money by playing card games either online or at famous cities. For example, Las Vegas is a famous city, which has many special places for playing poker. Third, they are very cheap and affordable everywhere. Card games can be bought for less than ten dollars for one package. Fourth, they have simple rules and easy to learn so, everyone can play card games. Even though a player doesnt have much experience can play and get much fun. Finally, they are not heavy and can be carried everywhere like public places, transportation, etc. Generally, the way of playing, the profit, the low price, the easy rules and the weight of package are most popular features, which have made card games have success and longevity. Multi-person games usually are played by tow or more than two person. Monopoly is one of the most popular Multi-person game. This game has some features that make it popular and success. First, Monopoly is designed to play by a team either among friends or family. For instance, to play it you need to persuade at least two and then should struggle to stay playing and eliminate the others so, it makes much fun and challenge among players. Second, rules of this game has been developed to be easy and simple for everyone. Although, it has a lot of pieces, papers, and the player should have some strategies, but it is easy to learn and play. Third, it is not expensive and sold everywhere. Even though monopoly has different edition such as classic and ultimate banking, but the price is very cheap. Finally, monopoly is played in many countries and in different languages. It is popular everywhere and can be different for every cultures. Generally, the design, development rules, the low price a nd country of origin are the most features, which have made this game successful and popular.

Evaluation of the Financial Performance of a Chemical Company Essay

Evaluation of the Financial Performance of a Chemical Company The Lee Chew Cheng Wong Chemical Company produces high quality speciality chemicals, and it exports around 85% of its output to many countries and regions. Since the establishment in the mid 1980 this company has emphasized the shareholder value. To keep this focus, a new Chief Executive Lee Shan Loke Teo has proposed a lot of new policies. This assignment evaluates the financial rations with Sun See Chemical Company and average industry, and presents the financial effect of the proposal that Lee Shan Loke Teo adopts. That final section shows the recommendation of costing system and capital expenditure budget. Evaluate the financial performance As the profit and loss account shows, the Lee Chew Wong Chemical CompanyÂ’s net sales decreased from $5.6m to $4.2m, and the gross profit reduced from $1.8m to $1.5m, while in 20x9 the retained profit of the company reached the peak of $0.4m during this period. Although the sale volumes decreased, the profits went up. From the financial statement it can be found that the difference is due to the large operation expenses which eliminate the profit between 20x8 and 20x9, and the less retained profit also results the decrease of Earning per share. Therefore, the EPS and Retained Profit in 20x9 were higher than 20x8 and 20x7. As regards the balance sheet, in 20x9 the total asset of the company increased significantly compared to 20x8 and 20x7, because the fixed assets increased apparently but it also resulted the shortage of cash in 20x9. In the liability section, as follows as the increasing retained profit, in 20x9 shareholders equity (reserves) also climbed a lot. As far as we considered the financial ratios (Table1), from 20x7 to 20x9 the profitability ratios improved dramatically due to the less cost of sales and operating expense. The liquidity ratios become worse, because the growing fixed assets resulted in the lack of liquid asset. The following part is going to compare financial performance with its major rival, Sun See Chemical Industry. Table 1 ======= The Lee Chew Wong Chemical Performance Ratios 20x9 20x8 20x7 20x9 Industry averages Gross profit to sales (%) 35.71 33.33 32.14 44 Operating profit to sales (%) 21.43 13.33 14.46 30 Return on capital ... ...1998), Costing, an Introduction, 4th Edition Dyson, J.R. (1997), Accounting for Non-accounting Students, Pitman Publishing. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2002) Financial Accounting, Reporting and Analysis, International Edition, Istvan D.F. (1970). Capital-Expenditure Decisions: how they are made in large corporations. Indiana University. Jones R.L., Trentin H.G. (1971). Budgeting: Key to planning and control. American Management Association, Inc. Lewis, R. and Pendrill, D. (1996), Advanced Financial Accounting, 6th edition Louderback, J.G., Maurice, L. and Hirsch, J.R. (1982), Cost Accounting, Accumulation, Analysis, and Use, Wadsworth International Student Edition Pike, R. and Neale, B. (year), Corporate Finance and Investment-Decision and Strategies, 4th edition, Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Pike R.H., Wolfe M.B. (1988). Capital Budgeting for the 1990’s. A Review of investment trends in larger companies. The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. Wood’s, F. (1993), Business Accounting, Pitman Publishing. http://teachmefinance.com/costofcapital.html http://www.dod.mil/comptroller/icenter/learn/abconcept.pdf http://www.expectationsinvesting.com/tutorial8.shtml

Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods

Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods: A case study of two distinct different automotive suppliers Waldemar Pfoertsch[1] / Johannes Rid[2] / Christian Linder[3] Abstract This paper concerns ingredient branding; more specifically, ingredient branding for industrial goods. Although research in ingredient branding has been quite intensive in the area of fast moving consumer goods, considerably less research has been carried out for industrial goods. In this paper, the authors provide insight into whether successful ingredient branding can be transferred to industries where it has not been a common phenomenon: automotive suppliers.Two major companies in the automotive industry are analyzed in this paper: Autoliv, a major player in car-safety supplies and equipment like seat belts and airbags, and Bosch, producers of a large variety of car components, like diesel and gasoline injection systems, braking components (e. g. ABS and ESP), and starting motors and alternators. The findings inc lude enormous potential for B2B companies in the field of ingredient branding. Car suppliers, for instance, have rarely used the option of branding their ingredients at the finished product.The authors give a historical perspective, show e. g. that ABS braking system, invented by German supplier Bosch would have been a perfect candidate for branding to the final customer. In the purchasing decision of potential car buyers, the ingredient ABS, provided by a strong ingredient manufacturer (e. g. Bosch) could have led to a preference of buying a specific car, and in the end, added to the supplier’s reputation and revenue. 1. Leveraging the brand We now live in a world where consumers receive thousands of impressions and messages every day.Ever increasing competition makes it more difficult for a message to reach the audience and target group, with the consequence that it becomes harder for a consumer to differentiate between brands. Furthermore, as competitive advantages and inn ovations are copied at a higher speed, products and services become more alike. In this kind of environment, it is important for producers to find a position for their product or service in order to focus and clarify the attributes that make their product unique to the customer.In response to this current business environment, research and best practice show that more and more firms have come to the realization that one of their most valuable assets is the brand name associated with their products or services. (Keller,2003, Pfoertsch/Mueller, 2006). Producers understand that powerful brands are beneficial to the company: â€Å"Brands, therefore, are genuine assets and, like other forms of asset, they can appreciate considerably as a result of careful management and development. † (Blackett, in: Murphy, 1989).Kotler/Pfoetsch (2006) have proved that B2B branding offers strong competitive advantages, â€Å"by implementing a holistic brand approach companies can accelerate and i ncrease their overall success† compared to companies that do not go the path of B2B branding. Brands should be seen in a holistic manner where all activities of a company should be integrated to get the maximum advantage (Kotler/Pfoertsch, 2006). Strategic success might be achieved through leveraging the brand, because the brand is one of the most strategic and worthy assets a firm owns.Possibilities to leverage the brand include line extensions, stretching the brand vertically, brand extensions, and co-branding (Pfoertsch/Schmid, 2005). Co-branding means that two brands form an alliance in one or several areas that lead to a new product branded with both brands. Ingredient branding, on the other hand, is a brand that is solely used as a component of a branded article (Riezebos, 2003). According to Norris (1992), there are two relevant criterias that must be fulfilled for ingredient branding. First, the component can only be bought and consumed by consumers as a part of the br anded article.Second, the brand name of the component is only used for such an ingredient (and not for ‘normal’ branded articles as well). 2. Can you ingredient brand where branding is not a common phenomenon? The reason companies start to co-operate is due to technological and psychological changes of the business environment. There are two reasons why this occurs (Uggla, 2000): First, technology and new distribution patterns open up new possibilities for cooperation where brand extension and brand alliances become more interesting from a strategic point of view.Second, consumers look for risk reduction, and brand extension and brand alliances might be the right strategies to reduce consumer risk. Strategies to meet the demands of a changing world are co-branding and ingredient branding. There are some good examples of ingredient branding of durable goods on the market, such as Shimano as a component supplier of cycles, and Intel in the computer industry. Intel, for in stance, â€Å"positioned itself to be the heart and soul of personal computers.The strategy was to create a brand, and it worked – for PCs† (Karolefski, 2001). In other industries that produce industrial goods, like the car industry, ingredient branding has not been a common strategy. The primary question that guides us through this paper is: Is it possible for industrial goods industry like the automotive industry to adopt an ingredient brand when ingredient branding is not a common phenomenon? 3. Analyzing with real world data In this paper, real world data from two different companies were collected and compared.A qualitative approach was chosen, which enables us to analyze, understand and interpret the situation rather than giving standardized results. The aim was to understand the strategy of ingredient branding as a whole. Research was mainly based on collecting data through interviews with decision makers (respondent interviews), which implies that the interview s are of a strategic nature. A case study approach gives the possibility of getting deeper insight into a certain problem or situation and to ascertain how interviewees perceive their situations.The presented cases are Bosch and Autoliv, two companies representing the car SUPPLIER manufacturing industries. Since this study aims to help understand why and under what circumstances companies choose an ingredient brand strategy, the case study approach was seen as the most appropriate. The Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart offers a wide range of products to the market, both as a supplier to different kinds of manufactures, as well as a producer of consumer goods. It had 2007 a turnover of â‚ ¬46,7 billion and employs over 271,000 people in about 50 countries.Today, 70% of Bosch turnover is from the car industry – it is a pioneer in the automotive supplier industry, with products that include ABS and ESP, injection systems, brakes, starter motors and alternators. Another major car s upplier, Autoliv Inc. is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, the result of a merger between Autoliv of Sweden, founded in 1953, and the American company Automotive Safety Production, started in 1997. Autoliv of Sweden was the inventor of seat belts, which first came onto the market in 1956, and developed the first airbag for cars in 1980.Autoliv has about 30% market share in its segment on a worldwide basis, and employs about 6,000 people, with sales in 2004 of $ 5 billion. 4. Leveraging the brand for industrial goods If a company realizes that it cannot capitalize on its own brand alone, it might choose to capitalize on another brand. This implies that company A wants to â€Å"borrow† association of a brand from company B. It follows that company B in turn must also want to have something from A, since B must also benefit from its association with A.Generally speaking, three prerequisites must be fulfilled before company A and B collaborate: 1) Both companies must have suffi cient brand equity, otherwise they would not be able to â€Å"borrow out† any associations (Keller, 2003); 2) company A and B should have a common basis of associations, meaning that A and B’s identity should have a certain degree of fit (Riezebos, 2003); and 3) that company A should be able to â€Å"offer† associations which B does not have and vice versa (Park/Jun/Shocker, 1996). (1) Sufficient brand equity The first prerequisite in terms of brand identity is that both brands have ufficiently strong and unique associations; that both of the brands (ingredient and host brand) separately have enough brand equity (Keller, 2003, p. 362). In this study, the question is whether Autoliv and Bosch each offer enough brand equity so that they could be potentially interesting partners for a host brand seeking to leverage its brand identity. The brand equity of Bosch can be rated as high. Bosch has successfully leveraged its own brand with brand extensions and line extens ions. Bosch, in its beginnings, was a producer of car parts like starting motors and alternators.Over time, Bosch began to capitalize and leverage its own brand by extending their product range, including the development and production of power tools, mobile telephones, security systems, and industrial packing machines. The other company in this case study, the car safety producer Autoliv, is a well-known brand among B2B customers. Autoliv wants to work together with the best automotive companies in the field of car safety: â€Å"The identity of Autoliv is a company that always has the technical leadership in the area of car safety equipment like airbags and seat belts.Autoliv strives to always be the first with technical development in their area. † (Mats Odman, Autoliv). (2) Common basis of associations The second prerequisite is that the companies working together should have a certain degree of similarity in their brand identity (Riezebos, 2003). According to Keller (2003 ), the logical fit (image and product) between the two brands is the most important requirement for a successful collaboration between two brands.That means a) that both companies’ brand identities (host and ingredient brand) should be in correspondence with each other, and b) that the ingredient offers complementary brand associations. Main associations connected with Bosch are: quality and innovation. Most car manufacturers have these associations as well, therefore, a common basis of associations does exist. Bosch representatives say that â€Å"products from Bosch contribute key values to the brand such as a promise from Bosch about product quality. Bosch products are also innovative in the car industry which is reflected in their slogan ‘We bring innovation’, e. . Bosch was first to introduce engine injection systems with 1600 bar pressure† (Stefan Seiberth, Bosch). On the negative side, Bosch has the problem of being a supplier to virtually every car manufacturer in the world, and these car manufacturers have widely different brand identities (e. g. the brand identity of BMW is totally different than that of Volkswagen). Autoliv can be more precise in common associations. Autoliv aims to develop projects with car manufacturers that are striving for the latest technology in car safety, most likely with car manufacturers in the premium segment.A logical fit exists here because Autoliv has the same aim of technical leadership as the car manufacturers they choose to work together with. (3) Offering complementary associations Finally, cooperation between brands will only work if the partner brand offers complementary associations, which the host brand does not have, and vice versa (Park/Jun/Shocker, 1996). The concept of brand identity system is central here (Aaker, 1996), and includes the following definition: â€Å"Brand identity is a unique set of brand associations that the brand strategist desires to create or maintain.These as sociations represent what the brand stands for† (Aaker, 1996). Brand identity consists of twelve dimensions organized around four perspectives – the brand-as-product (product scope, product attributes, quality/value, uses, users, country of origin), brand-as-organization (organizational attributes, local versus global), brand-as-person (brand personality, brand-customer relationships), and brand-as-symbol (visual imagery/metaphors and brand heritage). Though not all perspectives might be appropriate for every brand, it should help firms to consider different brand elements to be able to enrich and differentiate their brand identity.The brand identity model is structured into core and extended identity. The core identity is the timeless and central essence of the brand. Therefore, it will most likely remain constant while the brand is stretched to new markets and products. The extended identity consists of brand identity elements, which complete the core identity, such a s a slogan, sub-brands, and the brand personality (e. g. reliable, American, German engineering, friendly). [pic] Figure 1: Aaker’s model for brand identity modified with results from the case studyTo be able to identify and analyze what the case companies Bosch and Autoliv have to offer to their partners (host brands) in terms of desirable attributes, the above figure based on Aaker’s (1996) model summarizes the most important advantages of the examined cases. The reader should note that this paper is based on a study from the supplier’s perspective (partner brand). Therefore, spill-over effects which the case companies might receive from the producer side are not examined. Bosch offers associations which the partner brand possibly does not have.Attributes like ‘German engineering’, ‘reliable’ and ‘innovation’ could be easily used and benefited from by car manufacturer building middle and lower-class cars. Autoliv’s contribution to collaboration is technical leadership. One could say that Autoliv is a premium brand in their field of competence, thus offering strong associations in quality. To summarize, we can conclude that brand equity is one of the most, if not the most, valuable assets a company has. The company’s brand identity is the most important factor in creating or pushing the company’s brand equity.Company’s management should continuously try to leverage the brand’s identity. Our case companies Bosch and Autoliv prove that leveraging is fully possible in the area of industrial goods 5. Fit between brands So far, the authors have analyzed whether the examined companies and the industrial goods sector could offer enough brand equity and possibilities to leverage. In other words, up until this part of the analysis, we have looked upon whether our case companies would be interesting partners for the producers in their industries, and if the case companies ful fill the prerequisites to make co-branding successful.Now let’s look closer into the fit of brands and the field of brand association base. Image transfer What does theory say about the transferring process? Riezebos (2003) defines image transfer through the term deductive inference, which is the deduction of results/conclusions from brand images already in existence. Deductive inference is important when associations from one brand or entity is carried over to another brand/entity.For the transfer process, a source, which consumers must have certain associations with in terms of where it comes from, and a target (inductive inference, meaning that the associations load the image of the target) is needed. In summary, image transfer is a positive transfer from source to target, and similarly a positive feedback from target to source (Riezebos, 2003). For transferring associations, it is both necessary that source and target have something in common (e. g. common brand name), an d that the target evokes certain brand associations.Ingredient branding and co-branding are brand-stretching strategies based on image transfer. Critical success factors for image transfer are 1) the sources’ level of brand-added value, 2) how the products are related to each other (target and source should only to a minor degree differ from each other), 3) the target group similarity (Park, 1991), and 4) family resemblance (different packages sharing the same facings). Brand association base Simonin and Ruth (1998) stress the fit between brands (and between the products), which significantly affects the attitudes towards the alliance.Leading researchers agree that companies should integrate the brands they cooperate with within their overall brand architecture. The authors have used the brand association base described by Uggla (2003) to examine the question of fit. The result can be seen in the figure below where the association base model has been modified with the finding s from the case studies. The association base is a relevant tool for this purpose – to organize brand alliances and the brand structure from a leader brand perspective and intention.The association base describes how brands can be organized together. The model contains four different core components: leader brand associations, partner brand associations, institutional associations and the customer’s brand image. In a cooperation of brands, the advantage for the leading brand is that it adds values and positive associations to the product. The partner brand gets access to the distributions channels leading to the end-consumer market. The collaboration between the leader brand and the partner will determine an association base.The customer will evaluate the perceived equity from the association base and shape a specific brand image (Uggla, 2001). Figure 2: Modified brand association base (Uggla, 2003) Bosch, as a car part producer with German quality and innovation as th eir base of associations, could definitely contribute to the car manufacturer’s base of associations as for Mercedes-Benz: Enduring Passion. Autoliv has valuable associations for a potential host brand in terms of car safety. On the other hand, Autoliv does not build brand value, Autoliv would be a weaker partner brand according to the collaboration theory.The partner brand should help to expand the base of associations of the leader brand, and the partner brand’s core identity should lead into the direction the leader brand wants to go to, and the direction should be defined by the leader brand. The partner brand should also help to strengthen the base of associations while bringing in exclusivity and differentiation. Once more, Bosch has proven to be a valuable partner when tested against this theory. Autoliv stands weaker in this respect because the company is not actively building brand equity towards the final customer.To summarize, Uggla (2003) suggests that a le ss familiar leader brand should be connected to a strong partner brand with high brand familiarity. A lesser-known and/or unfamiliar car manufacturer (e. g. Asian car manufacturers who want to enter new markets outside Asia) using Bosch in-car equipment, for example, would be a positive example of this guideline. Functional and emotional incentives for brand collaboration A way of defining the motives for collaboration is given by Uggla (2001). He suggests a model based on a matrix, which is divided into emotional and functional benefits, to be able to understand why brands engage in co-operation.The model is based upon Aaker’s theory about the brand’s identity, but focuses on how the components of the value proposition are divided and shared among partners. The model divides the brands engaged in co-operation to a leader brand and (one or more) partner brand(s). The leader brand can choose to develop own associations or choose to capitalize on other brands’ ass ociations. The partner brand’s contribution should be to expand to the leader brand’s base of associations and add critical physical and/or emotional attributes.Two different incentives for collaboration are functional and emotional benefits (Uggla, 2001). An example for a functional alliance is Intel because Intel contributes with a product (the processor for a computer) for which they have core competence. With emotional incentives, the aim of the leader brand is to endorse reputation (Cooke, 2000), which is the aim to get a better image and/or quality association with the help of the partner brand. On the other hand, the partner brand can profit from the leader brand’s functional attributes. [pic] Figure 3: Applied incentive model from leader and partner brand perspectiveThe authors have modified this model in respect to the case analysis (see Fig. 3). As mentioned above, a brand that wants to lend associations to another brand strong must have strong incenti ves that can be either functional or emotional. For car producers, working together with Bosch could gain core competence and expand the value proposition (e. g. Bosch as a technology leader in ESP, ABS and diesel technology). This is according to the theory (Uggla, 2003), which says that collaboration based on functional incentives implies that the one brand contributes with core competence.Bosch would also profit from brand collaboration through shared costs in R&D. Bosch might expand the legitimate territory for their products if the car manufactures allow Bosch to brand their ingredients. Accentuating emotional attributes are also a possibility for Bosch: â€Å"It is our strategy to position Bosch as an innovative, international, modern company† (Stefan Seiberth, Bosch). A car producer might also want to work together with Autoliv based on functional motives because Autoliv has core competency and is a leading manufacturer of car safety equipment (intelligent seat belts, irbags, etc. ). The focus for Autoliv is choosing partners who have a commitment to actively work with the development of safety in cars. As it is the case with Bosch, Autoliv would gain from collaborations by sharing costs for R&D. Emotional incentives are also important for the company and play a certain role in choosing partners for a new project, according to Autoliv. The image of the car manufacturer is important; therefore, the company strives to share development with car manufacturers in the premium segment† (Mats Odman, Autoliv).To summarize, according to the incentive model, both Bosch and Autoliv offer sufficient incentives, both from partner brand as well as from the leader brand perspective. 6. Results: Transferring successful ingredient branding to the car industry The authors have taken into account the findings from the secondary sources of Moon (2002), Aaker (1996), and Keller (2003), all of which present a deeper analysis of ingredient branding strategies, an d have compared these findings with the information from the car suppliers Bosch and Autoliv.We first want to emphasize that successful companies invest in and put the brand first. Moreover, the most effective strategy for a company is to become a brand-driven organization (Kotler/Pfoertsch, 2006). These companies not only differentiate themselves through their technology, but also through their level of service and through all employees working effectively towards the success of the brand, and thus, the company. In addition, ingredient branding is a form of multi-stage branding (Baumgarth, 2001). Therefore, the whole value chain, from (ingredient) producer to the final customer, needs to be considered.In the case of Bosch or Autoliv, the retailer, the producer of the final good, and the final customer need to be connected. This implies that all downstream markets need to be part of the strategy. Hillyer/Tikoo proved that consumers are cognitive misers (Hillyer/Tikoo, 1995). This me ans that consumers simply trust that a well-known manufacturer would not allow itself to collaborate with a low quality supplier. This has been proven with the success of Intel. Customers simply transferred the decision making to the computer manufacturers by trusting that the manufacturers have chosen the right microprocessor supplier, Intel.In terms of transferring these findings to the car industry, Autoliv could step into the shoes of Intel. Autoliv could act as a retrieval cue (Hillyer/Tikoo, 1995) for potential car buyers, where the car buyer trusts the car manufacturer to have picked a trustworthy brand in the area of car safety. Also, for a successful ingredient branding strategy, it is crucial that the right opportunity in time be identified. If we look at the success of Intel, often regarded as one of the most successful ingredient branders, one aspect that is different between Intel and the automotive industry is the timing of the ingredient branding.The computer industry matured during an era when computer sales were strongly on the rise accompanied by a period of increasing sensitivity to the value of branding (Cook, 2003). The car industry is already mature, therefore, the timing is not optimal for an ingredient brand strategy: â€Å"It would be great to replicate [Intel’s success in the automotive industry], but it’s 80 years too late to do it† (Klaus Deller, Bosch Group, in: Cook, 2003). The authors want to stress though, that even the car industry will offer windows of opportunities, especially when supplier come up with decisive inventions and innovations.Another factor to consider is that In contrast to the situation like Intel, where producers were actively looking for co-operations, car manufacturers often want to control their brand image and are currently not actively seeking brand collaboration with supplier. This fact makes the ingredient branding strategy even more complicated to implement. A solution to this woul d be for suppliers like Autoliv and Bosch to adopt a pull strategy by creating consumer demand.The pull principle is also the basic underlying concept that is best suited for ingredient branding, meaning that the ingredient manufacturer directly addresses the final customer (Pfoertsch/Schmid, 2005). Bosch is, through its automotive advertising campaigns in 2006 and 2007, on its way to utilizing such a strategy. Building strong association could even be implemented into the car industry. The OEM’s in the car industry could effectively promote their associations, which in the case of Bosch could be ‘braking safety’ (ABS, ESP), and ‘passenger safety’ (Airbags), in the case of Autoliv.The authors conclude that it is entirely possible for auto suppliers to establish an ingredient branding strategy. Bosch and Autoliv proved to have substantial possibilities for ingredient branding. This conclusion can be drawn through congruence of findings of the empirica l research with theory. It is vital to the success of the strategy, though, that the whole organization not only strives for the same objective, but also consistently delivers the brand promise. Only with this â€Å"quality thinking† in the organization, can an ingredient succeed in the final industrial good.And – not to forget – it is time-consuming to create and establish a brand. Therefore, the overall strategy needs to be a long-term engagement in the marketing and branding investment. 7. Suggestions for future research This paper has examined the question of ingredient branding as a viable strategy for producers of industrial goods. In particular, we tested automotive suppliers Autoliv and Bosch (Norris, 1992; Keller, 2003; Riezebos, 2003). Since the scope of this paper could only cover the basics of this question, it would be interesting to go deeper into other aspects.A question for further research would be to find out how a model of the appropriateness of ingredient branding could be derived. Further research could cover even more industry segments in B2B marketing, thereby giving deeper insights into why certain industries have seen companies with successful ingredient branding, while others have not. Additionally, to discuss questions about an implementation strategy for ingredient branding needs more insight and research, including a possible guideline for companies that have decided to brand its ingredient.Examples from other industries could also be examined since the implementation process is very complex and many aspects need to be considered. Literature Aaker, D. A. , and Joachimsthaler, E. , â€Å"Brand Leadership†, The Fress Press, New York, 2000 Aaker, D. A. , and Keller, K. L. , â€Å"Consumer Evaluations of Brand Extensions†, Journal of Marketing, 54, January 1990, pp. 27-41 Aaker, D. A. , Building Strong Brands, The Free Press, New York, 1996 Baumgarth, C. , Ingredient Branding. Begriff und theoretische Begrundung, in : Esch, F. -R. : Moderne Markenfuhrung, Wiesbaden 2001, p. 17-343 Blackett, T and Boad, B: Co-branding, the Science Of Alliance, Macmillan Business, Interbrand, England, 1999 Blackett, T. , The Nature of Brands, in: Murphy, John, Brand Valuation, Hutchinson Business Books, 1989, pp. 1-11. Cook, B. , Can Bosch spark its OEM brand? , www. brandchannel. com, 2003 Cooke, S. , and Ryan, P. , â€Å"Brand Alliances: From Reputation Endorsement to Collaboration on Core Competencies†, Irish Marketing Review, Vol. 13, 2000, p. 36-41 Hillyer, C. , and Tikoo, S. , â€Å"Effect of Cobranding on Consumer Product Evaluations†, Advances in Consumer Research, Volume 22, 1995 Kapferer, J. -N. Reinventing the Brand, Kogan Page, London, 2001 Kapferer, J. -N. , â€Å"Strategic Brand Management†, Kogan Page, London, 1992 Karolefski, John, â€Å"Intel Outside†, www. brandchannel. com, 2001 Keller, K. L. , â€Å"Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer- Based Brand Equity†, Journal of Marketing, January 1993, pp. 1-29 Keller, K. L. , Strategic Brand Management: building, measuring, and managing brand equity, Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London, 1998 Keller, K. L. , Strategic Brand Management: building, measuring, and managing brand equity, Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London, second edition, 2003 Kotler, P. et al. , Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall Europe, 1996 Kotler, P. , and Pfoertsch, W. , „B2B Brand Managementâ€Å", Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2006 McCarthy, M. S. , and Norris, D. G. , â€Å"Improving Competitive Position Using Branded Ingredients†, Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 8, Nr. 4, 1999, pp. 267-285 Moon, Y. , â€Å"Inside Intel Inside†, Harvard Business Review, October 15, 2002 Norris, Donald G. , â€Å"Ingredient Branding: A Strategy Option with Multiple Beneficiaries†, The Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1992 Park, C. W. , Jun, S.Y. , and Shocker, A. D. , â€Å"Composite Brand Alliances: An Investigation of Extension and Feedback Effects†, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 33, 4, 1996, pp. 453-466 Pfoertsch, W. , and Schmid, M. , „B2B-Markenmanagement: Konzepte – Methoden – Fallbeispieleâ€Å", Franz Vahlen, Munich, 2005 Pfoertsch, W. , and Mueller, J. Die Marke in der Marke Bedeutung und Macht des Ingredient Branding, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2006 Riezebos, Rik, â€Å"Brand Management: A Theoretical and Practical Approach†, Pearson Education Limited, 2003 Simonin, B. L. , and Ruth, J. A. â€Å"Is the Company known by the Company it keeps? Assessing the Spillover Effects of Brand Alliances on Consumer Brand Attitudes†, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 35, February 1998, pp. 30-42 Uggla, H. , â€Å"The Brand Association Base: A Model for Strategically Leveraging Partner Brand Equity†, Unpublished Paper, 2003 Uggla, Henrik, †Managing the Bra nd-Association Base†, Akademitryck AB, Edsbruk, 2000 Uggla, H. , †Organisation av varumarken†, Liber Ekonomi, Malmo, 2001 Uggla, H. , †Varumarkesarkitektur – strategi, teori och kritik†, Liber Ekonomi, Malmo. 001 ———————– [1] Waldemar Pfoertsch – Professor of Business Marketing – CEIBS China Europe International Business School Shanghai – Hongfeng Road Shanghai – 201206, China – Tel: +86(21) 28905662 – [email  protected] edu and Professor of International Business – Pforzheim University – Tiefenbronnerstrasse 65 – 75175 Pforzheim, Germany [2] Johannes Rid, National Sales Manager, Pirelli Tyre Nordic AB, Gustavslundsvagen 141, P. O. Box 14147, 16714 Bromma, Stockholm, Sweden,Tel: +46. 8. 6220850, Fax: +46. 8. 7550941, johannes. [email  protected] et [3] Christian Linder – Research Assistant – Pforzheim Business S chool – Pforzheim University – Tiefenbronnerstrasse 65 – 75175 Pforzheim, Germany – Tel: +49 7231 28-6466, christian. [email  protected] de ———————– Bosch: Expand the legitimate territory Emotional incentives Functional incentives Bosch: Expand value proposition, modify brand personality Bosch: Engineering core com Autoliv: Core competence in car petence safety Partner brand perspective Leader brand perspective Bosch: Cost efficiency (R&D), Short cut to awareness and distribution. Autoliv: Cost efficiency (R&D)Institutional Associations Image Transfer Identity Transfer Customers’ image of the brand Leader Brand Associations e. g. Mercedes-Benz: Enduring Passion [pic]*fgyz}†°S? z  Ã‚ ©? iO?  ©i? i~? i? hM8([email  protected]>zhuT;CJOJ[4]QJ[5]^J[6][email  protected]>zhuT;5? 6? CJOJ[7]QJ[8]? ]? ^J[9][email  protected]>zhuT;5? CJ,OJ[10]QJ[11]^J[12]aJ,mHsH#[email  protected]>zhuT ;6? OJ[13]QJ[14]^J[15][email  protected]>zhuT;0J6? OJ[16]QJ[17]U[pic]^J[18][email  protected]>zhuT;5? CJ,OJ[19]QJ[20]^J[21]aJ,[email  protected]>zhuT;CJ OJ[22]QJ[23]? ^J[24]aJ mHsH. [email  protected]>zhuT;5? CJ OJ[25]QJ[26]? Partner Brand Associations Bosch: Innovation, quality Autoliv: Safety Association base fit

European History (Gender History) Essay

The history of feminism has developed into a major field in recent years. Scholars from many disciplines and writers in many countries explore the ways in which women’s oppression has been represented, discussed, and resisted in the past few centuries. In Burdens of History: British Feminists, Indian Women, and Imperial Culture, Burton characterizes her book as a history of `discourse`. Antoinette Burton has revealed the intensity, the extent, the duration, and the complexity of the concern to understand significant but neglected historical extent of the relationship between feminism and imperialism. Until quite recently, feminist discussion and debate was seen fragmentary. In her work, Burton argues that it is possible to construct a more or less continuous history of British feminism, recognizing imperial feminist ideologies. Antoinette Burton developed an immense interest in the relationship between feminism and imperialism. Burton discusses the endorsement of the racism and imperialist ideals by many white feminists, and the assumption by British feminists of their own particular version of the ‘white man’s burden’. This interest in the history of feminism and the sense of its expansiveness has come from a number of different fields. The writer explored the ideas, lives, and activities of feminist writers and activists. The novels of Fanny Burney, Mary Hays, Jane Austen and George Eliot, and the poetry of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, have thus been encompassed within recent discussions of the history of feminism alongside the novels of Sarah Grand, Olive Schreiner and Virginia Woolf. The feminist underpinnings, or the implications for feminism of a range of political, social, and philanthropic ideas and activities have also been examined and explored. Burton stressed the need to recognize the relationship between changing ideas about the women’s role. Burton’s book has served not only to expand but also to transform the history of feminism. It made clear both its immense scope and its complexity. On the one hand, it is now clear that feminist ideas and debates have existed and been elaborated more or less constantly over the last two centuries. On the other hand, the question of feminism itself – of what it means and what it encompasses – has become much more complex. Once feminism meant a concern with gaining equal political and legal rights for women. In Burton’s book, feminism is now seen as at best a small part of what the term covers. In recent literature far more emphasis has been placed on feminist concerns with the sexual oppression of women. They were described as objects of male desire rather than as sexual subjects seeking to articulate and express their own desires. Interrogating the meaning of sexual difference and exploring what it means to be and to live as a woman are major writer’s interests. The book establishes a variety of new challenges for anyone seeking to explore feminist ideas and debates. This is not only because of the changing frameworks. It is also because of changes and new developments which have been brought to the study of history from literary theory and from cultural studies. The shift away from authorial intention towards meaning or readings in discussing literary texts has had a significant impact on thinking about feminism. Antoinette Burton writes about mid-Victorian feminism. She argues that as mid-Victorian feminism was specific in its class base and worked with social and sexual ideals derived from that class, so too it was very specific in its sense of both national and imperial identity. Like Mary Wollstonecraft, many mid-Victorian feminists possessed a powerful sense of themselves, not so much as British, but as English women. This period saw the advent of a new form of imperial feminism. The general sense of the superiority of the West, in terms of the status of its women-which was so central for Mary Wollstonecraft and caused a particular form of ‘feminist orientalism’ – gave way to a specific concern with the status of Indian women. These women were seen as being in particular need and were regarded as the special responsibility of their more enlightened and more fortunate English sisters (29). The close relationship between feminism and philanthropy in the mid-nineteenth century established the framework through which feminism expanded to include imperial projects and ideals. The rate and the importance of imperial expansion in the mid-nineteenth century made the needs of the colonies significant. This occurred almost as soon as the widespread involvement of women in philanthropy came to be accepted. As Antoinette Burton has argued, ‘our magnificent colonies’ became the natural ground for the practice of British women’s philanthropy, offering a whole new range of avenues which provided relief from the constraints on their reform activities at home. Philanthropic work within the colonies also became a source of collective national pride (17). Following on concern about the education of Indian women, British feminists planned a scheme with send trained British ‘lady teachers’ to India to preside over a number of girls’ schools. Feminists’ enthusiasm was effective in raising money, and in interesting British women both at home and in India in the reform of girls’ schooling. After an initial emphasis on sending British women to India, scholarships were provided to train Indian women as teachers as well. The concern about education was followed by one about women’s health. There also was concern about the need for the provision of women doctors to Indian women who would not countenance male doctors. Here too, money was raised both in Britain and in India to provide training, initially for British women, but also for Indian women to become doctors. As Antoinette Burton points out, there was throughout all of this some recognition of the abilities and the achievements of specific Indian women. But overall, the schemes directed towards India were seen as ones necessarily begun and mainly carried out by British women on behalf of their less educated and passively suffering Indian sisters. The whole question of British women in India in the nineteenth century has become the subject of increasing discourse. On the one hand, it is clear that the significant numbers of British women who became immensely concerned about the condition of Indian women should to be revised. These women worked, sometimes quite effectively, to keep alive in the public mind their needs and interests. On the other hand, some of these women came to know and appreciate Indian women, and to make themselves mouthpieces for the goals that Indian women set. Other women both in India and in Britain assumed that their own high level of education and development made them the ones best suited to know what Indian women needed. In general, Antoinette Burton argued that the aims and objectives sought by feminists in Britain set the framework for women’s emancipation everywhere. British feminists regarded themselves as experts on India after a visit. Their campaigns simply involved the application of British programs to the Indian situation. The British feminists who learned about these missionary struggles could only be strengthened in their own sense of moral and racial superiority. That consciousness, as Antoinette Burton has demonstrated in the context of India, contributed significantly to the ‘domestic culture of imperialism’. Unfortunately, feminists who responded by embracing imperialism tended to propagate generalized images of backward and oppressed ‘Oriental’ womanhood. Burton has emphasized the dangers for British feminism in the assumption that a supposedly superior elite among women could speak for the less privileged and fortunate (210). In particular, the desire to emancipate women could easily become a desire to control them. Ultimately, for Burton, each new venture served more fully as a means for British feminists to show their own fitness for political rights and responsibilities through their preparedness and capacity to take on their own particular imperial burden.

How to Write a Good Informative Essay - Paperell.com

How to Write a Good Informative Essay How to Write a Good Informative Essay? What Is An Informative Essay?This type of paper lets a student provide the information on a specific person, object, event, issue, etc. The difference from other types is that this essay doesn’t require to use arguments and convince readers that your position is right. The goal of creating such a paper is to show your skills of gathering knowledge. You should present your knowledge of a subject. It also lets you show your knowledge of grammar rules and the ability to create the content in a proper school or college format. If you need to know how to write an informative essay, read the examples. Other students create a lot of such papers and you are able to read many of them, so pay attention to how they present the information and what methods they use in writing. To create such a paper, you need to do a research. Find necessary knowledge on your topic by studying different books and newspapers, scientific publications, online websites, and other sources. What to keep in mind ? When getting information from them, note the names of these sources and their pages because you will be able to use this notes when writing a reference list for your content. You should be aware that there are many fake or outdated facts, that’s why if you are going to use any fact in your paper, check that it is true and relevant to your document. Fakes are a big issue of the modern Internet and you should know how to avoid them.How To Start An Informative Essay?If you are wondering how to write a good informative essay, you should first understand that gathering knowledge and valid facts from different sources and defining the scope for your paper are the two major first steps that define the success of your work. Then pick the most significant facts that will be presented in your content. If needed, divide them into groups and sort in a specific order. When you have the necessary knowledge, proceed with making the plan and the outline, define the main sections of your pa per and you will be able to fill them with the content. When you have a plan, you are also able to make a schedule of writing this paper. Define the main ideas that you are going to present in your essay – each of these ideas can have its section in your paper, you will be able to show connections and make transitions between sections. Before starting your paper, you should know the requirements. Find out what is the preferred format and citation style, do you need to make a reference list, and what essay writing style do you need to use. You should also define the best way to present the information. You may need to use not only text but also images and tables, figures and diagrams, or media files. If your goal is to provide readers with the knowledge, make it clear and understandable to them.Informative Essay Outline:Writing An IntroductionStart with providing your thesis and describing the background of your essay. Explain why do you write this paper, what is the main topi c and how is it researched, what methods do you use. Show what is the scope of your research, what are your main objectives, and what readers can get from it. To learn how to write informative essay thesis, see examples and read guidelines.How To Write Body For Informative EssayThis is the biggest section in the informative essay structure. If you have a list of main ideas for your essay, sort and group them as sections. Then you will be able to work with each section and fill it with text and other content. Each section can describe your subject from a specific point of view and provide the most significant knowledge on it. Define all things that can be misunderstood by readers and provide their descriptions if needed. Your goal is not to write a bunch of facts about the subjects. If there is a connection between these facts, you should highlight them, you should also show the meaning of these facts and how your main thesis is connected with them directly. Use facts only if you are sure that they are true and have a big meaning for your subject. If there will be a public discussion of your paper, you should be ready to provide proofs for them and explain why did you put these facts into your essay. Watch your grammar and your writing style. It is recommended to check your grammar by using special tools and check your paper for plagiarism. If you don’t know how to write specific words, look in the dictionary.Writing A Conclusion ParagraphIt is also needed to know how to end an informative essay, show there what readers have learned from your paper and how they can use this knowledge. Emphasize the main points of your research in this section.ConclusionWhen writing an argumentative essay, you don’t have to find arguments and prove your position on the topic. Your goal is to gather information and analyze it. You should define the most significant ideas and provide them to readers. You are able to use different ways to make the content more readabl e and provide understandable definitions of words that may not be familiar to your readers. There are many available sources for getting the information. Check all the facts you find if you are going to use only credible information and keep in mind that you should also pay attention to what sources you use. Each section of your paper should present a specific idea and the description of it. You should also sort sections in the right order – it shows that you are able to group information and make transitions between elements. You should prepare to spend much time on searching and reading information because many students need to read dozens of books to get a small fragment of text from them. That is why you should plan your work on your essay. It is a good idea to create a schedule based on the outline of your paper that helps you to complete each section when needed and write your essay on time. Write not only about facts but also about their meaning. Show how they can help in research, why do you think they need more attention, how they can change the current state of knowledge, what is their meaning for the science, and how they are connected with the main ideas of your paper. It helps you to create a well-written paper that will be very helpful and interesting.